Schaltfilter usually refer to switched-capacitor filters (SCFs). Their operating principle is based on periodically switching capacitors to emulate resistive behavior, thereby forming a controllable filtering network. Unlike traditional RC or LC filters, switched filters rely mainly on clock control rather than precise physical resistor or inductor values.

During operation, capacitors are charged and discharged between two or more nodes at a fixed frequency. Through this periodic charge transfer, a capacitor exhibits an equivalent resistance at the macroscopic level, whose value is inversely proportional to the capacitance and the switching frequency. By combining this equivalent resistance with capacitors, various filter functions—such as low-pass, high-pass, and band-pass—can be realized, and the cutoff frequency can be flexibly adjusted by changing the clock frequency.

Because inductors and high-precision resistors are not required, switched filters are well suited for integrated circuit implementation, offering good consistency, strong tunability, and high temperature stability. However, their performance is affected by clock jitter, switching noise, and sampling effects, so they are typically used in audio and low- to mid-frequency signal processing applications.

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